鹵蟲是蝦類育苗的關(guān)鍵性生物餌料，其是否具有傳播蝦類病原的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)已引起多方關(guān)注。本文梳理了鹵蟲作為生物餌料傳播蝦類病原的研究進(jìn)展，并提出了防控建議。鹵蟲是白斑綜合征病毒（white spot syndrome virus，WSSV）的機(jī)械攜帶者，也可能是對(duì)蝦傳染性肌壞死病毒（infectious myonecrosis virus，IMNV）、肝胰腺細(xì)小病毒（hepatopancreatic parvovirus，HPV）、羅氏沼蝦野田村病毒（Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus，MrNV）和極小病毒（extra small virus，XSV）的傳播載體，但是目前的研究由于缺少原位雜交或組織細(xì)胞水平的病理學(xué)證據(jù)，均尚未證實(shí)鹵蟲可被這些病毒直接感染；研究已證明鹵蟲可被副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、坎貝氏弧菌（V. campbellii）和哈維氏弧菌（V. harveyi）等水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖致病菌感染，存在傳播急性肝胰腺壞死?。╝cute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease，AHPND）的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外鹵蟲可能被蝦肝腸胞蟲（Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei，EHP）污染而存在傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，建議系統(tǒng)開展鹵蟲的病原學(xué)和流行病學(xué)研究，通過(guò)規(guī)范鹵蟲卵生產(chǎn)管理和孵化操作、探索鹵蟲生物安保產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展途徑和替代產(chǎn)品等措施，降低鹵蟲傳播相關(guān)病原的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文可為正確使用鹵蟲等生物餌料提供技術(shù)支持，為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖綠色發(fā)展和生物安保體系建設(shè)提供參考。
Research Progress on the Risk of Artemia Acting as a Kind of Live Feed to Spread Shrimp Pathogens
Artemia is a kind of critical live feed for shrimp breeding，whether it could bring the risk of spreading pathogens has been concerned by the society. In this paper，the research progress on Artemia acting as a kind of live feed to spread pathogens was summarized，and relevant suggestions were put forward. Artemia served as the physical carrier for white spot syndrome virus（WSSV），as the vector carrying infectious myonecrosis virus（IMNV），hepatopancreatic parvovirus（HPV），Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus（MrNV），and extra small virus（XSV）. However，current studies have not proved that Artemia can be infected with the above-mentioned viruses，due to luck of evidences of in situ hybridization or other cyto-or histopathology. It was demonstrated that Artemia can be infected with aquaculture pathogenic bacteria，such as vibrio parahaemolyticus，V. campbellii and V. harveyi，resulting in a risk of spreading acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease（AHPND）. Additionally，enterocytozoon hepatopenaei（EHP）may be transimitted through Artemia by contamination. Therefore，it was suggested to systematically carry out the study on the etiology and epidemiology of artemia，and reduce the risk of spreading pathogens through standardizing production management or hatching control of artemia cytes，identifying the biosecurity pathways of artemia and developing alternative products. Technical support could be provided to correctly use artemia and other live feed and some references were provided for construction of a biosecurity system and for healthy development of aquaculture.
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