近年來(lái)，環(huán)境DNA（eDNA）應(yīng)用發(fā)展迅速，已涉及食品微生物、生物監(jiān)測(cè)、群落生態(tài)學(xué)、古環(huán)境研究、保護(hù)生物學(xué)和入侵生態(tài)學(xué)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。基于eDNA的研究手段具有非侵入性、易于取樣和能夠探測(cè)隱秘物種等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此eDNA是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)廣泛直接取樣的一種有吸引力的替代品。本文綜述了eDNA的定義和發(fā)展歷史，介紹了DNA條形碼選擇和設(shè)計(jì)、樣品收集、DNA抽提、DNA擴(kuò)增測(cè)序、DNA條形碼數(shù)據(jù)分析等eDNA研究步驟，描述了eDNA在外來(lái)物種入侵、物種檢測(cè)、生物量估算、水中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)等領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，總結(jié)出eDNA研究中存在的問(wèn)題，并展望該方法的應(yīng)用前景。本文為全面了解eDNA的應(yīng)用提供了參考。
Research Progress on the Application of Environmental DNA
In recent years，environmental DNA（eDNA）has been widely used in various fields，including food microbiology，biological monitoring，community ecology，study on palaeo-environment，conservation biology and invasion ecology，etc. As the study methods of eDNA were advantaged by non-invasiveness，convenience for sampling and detection of cryptic species，eDNA could be considered as an attractive alternative to extensive direct sampling in ecological system. In this paper，its definition and development history were summarized；the study steps were introduced from the aspects of DNA barcode selection and design，sample collection，DNA extraction，DNA amplification and sequencing，and analysis on DNA barcode data；then its application in such fields as alien species invasion，species detection，biomass estimation and aquatic ecosystem monitoring，was described；all problems encountered during the above steps were summarized，and its application prospect was prospected. The review provided some references to fully learn the application of eDNA.
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