科研動(dòng)態(tài)

2019新型冠狀病毒?。–OVID-19）給公共衛(wèi)生安全帶來巨大危害，但目前引起該病的新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）來源還未有定論?，F(xiàn)有證據(jù)顯示，SARS-CoV-2與分離自蝙蝠和穿山甲的 SARS-CoV-2病毒株同源性相近，表明蝙蝠和穿山甲可能作為SARS-CoV-2的中間宿主存在。目前，丹麥、荷蘭和美國等國家已有人工飼養(yǎng)水貂及飼養(yǎng)場工作人員感染SARS-CoV-2的報(bào)道。試驗(yàn)研究顯示，SARS-CoV-2可在雪貂上呼吸道復(fù)制，且雪貂對(duì)SARS-CoV-2高度易感，表明雪貂可作為一種SARS-CoV-2感染和傳播的動(dòng)物模型。2020年2—7月，本課題組對(duì)山東、吉林、遼寧、黑龍江等毛皮動(dòng)物主要養(yǎng)殖省份的水貂樣品進(jìn)行SARS-CoV-2病原及抗體監(jiān)測。利用WHO推薦的real-time RT-PCR檢測方法，對(duì)328份水貂內(nèi)臟組織及咽拭子樣品進(jìn)行檢測，結(jié)果所有樣品均為SARS-CoV-2陰性；采用北京萬泰生物藥業(yè)有限公司提供的SARS-CoV-2抗體檢測ELISA試劑盒，對(duì)35份水貂血清樣品進(jìn)行抗體檢測，結(jié)果樣品中抗SARS-CoV-2抗體均為陰性。由于國內(nèi)養(yǎng)殖多為密集型庭院養(yǎng)殖，養(yǎng)殖人員與水貂密切接觸，且國外已有養(yǎng)殖場水貂大規(guī)模感染SARS-CoV-2的先例，為保障毛皮動(dòng)物行業(yè)健康發(fā)展，此次監(jiān)測重點(diǎn)對(duì)我國北方地區(qū)毛皮動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖場進(jìn)行采樣，結(jié)果并未發(fā)現(xiàn)毛皮動(dòng)物攜帶SARS-CoV-2和針對(duì)SARS-CoV-2的抗體。這可能與目前我國人群的低SARS-CoV-2感染率和未有養(yǎng)殖場工人感染有關(guān)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室已建立了檢測毛皮動(dòng)物及寵物的SARS-CoV-2抗原及抗體檢測方法，在目前全球COVID-19疫情的嚴(yán)峻形勢下，未來仍需對(duì)毛皮動(dòng)物及寵物進(jìn)行長期的SARS-CoV-2流行病學(xué)監(jiān)測。

Overview on the Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Fur Animals 

The coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）has brought great harm to public health safety，but the source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）causing COVID-19 has not been concluded. It was shown that，by available evidences，the virus was with similar homology with the SARS-CoV-2 isolated from bats and pangolins，which indicated that bats and pangolins might act as the intermediate hosts for the virus. It was reported that captive minks and farm workers had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark，Netherlands and the United States. According to related study，SARS-CoV-2 could replicate on the upper respiratory tract of ferrets who were highly susceptible to the virus，which indicated that ferrets could be used as an animal model of infection and transmission of the virus.In February to July of 2020，the mink samples collected from Shandong，Jilin，Liaoning，Heilongjiang and other provinces where most fur animals were kept were monitored for pathogen and antibody of SARS-CoV-2，328 visceral tissue samples and throat swabs were detected by the real-time RT-PCR assay recommended by WHO，and all the samples turned out to be negative；meanwhile，35 serum samples were detected by use of the ELISA kit provided by Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy，and all the samples were negative for the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The operators had been in close contact with minks due to intensive courtyard farming，especially，there had been cases of minks infected with SARS-CoV-2 on a large scale in foreign countries. In order to safeguard healthy development of fur animal industry，the farms were monitored and sampled as a priority. No SARS-CoV-2 or relevant antibody were found in any fur animals，which might benefit from low infection rate in populations and the absence of infection in farm workers in China. The method for detecting pathogen and antibody of SARS-CoV-2 in fur animals and pets was established by our laboratory，and epidemiological surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in fur animals and pets should be continued for long term in the future in response to current severe situation of COVID-19 across the world.

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