牛白血病是牛白血病病毒（bovine leukemia virus，BLV）感染引起的牛最常見的腫瘤性疾病之一，對(duì)養(yǎng)牛業(yè)和人類健康的潛在威脅較大。本文分別從病原學(xué)、流行現(xiàn)狀、危害及潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、診斷和防控策略等方面概述了BLV及其引發(fā)疾病的研究進(jìn)展。BLV自首次發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，已廣泛流行于世界各國(guó)，并很容易跨物種傳播，且所有感染動(dòng)物都會(huì)終身帶毒，引起廣泛的免疫功能異常，從而導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)奶量降低、產(chǎn)肉量下降和動(dòng)物流產(chǎn)。此外，有實(shí)驗(yàn)已證實(shí)了在人類乳腺癌、肺癌組織和部分人類血液中有BLV的存在。目前尚無有效治療和預(yù)防BLV感染的藥物和疫苗，因此準(zhǔn)確診斷和清除BLV感染牛是控制牛白血病最有效的措施之一。目前常用的診斷方法包括血清學(xué)抗體檢測(cè)和前病毒DNA檢測(cè)，主要的防控策略包括凈化、通用的牧場(chǎng)管理與生物安全防護(hù)以及阻斷向人類傳播的途徑。綜上所述，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格落實(shí)上述防控策略，加強(qiáng)診斷方法研究和監(jiān)測(cè)，做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)早處理。
Study on the Hazards of Bovine Leukemia Virus and Relevant Control Measures
As one of the common neoplastic diseases in cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus（BLV），bovine leukemia has posed a great threat to cattle industry and human health. In this paper，the research progress on BLV and corresponding disease caused therefrom was summarized in terms of etiology，prevalence status，hazards and potential risks，diagnosis，prevention and control measures，etc. BLV has been widely spread all over the world since it was first found，which is prone to cross-species transmission，and is carried by all infected animals all life，resulting in abnormal immunity and causing the reduction of milk and meat production as well as abortion. In addition，it was confirmed by some experiments that BLV appeared in human breast cancer tissue，lung cancer tissue and some of human blood. However，no effective drugs or vaccines were available to prevent and control BLV infection，so the most effective measure was to accurately diagnosis and eliminate all infected cattle. Serological antibody detection and proviral DNA detection were commonly used at present，and the prevention and control measures mainly included disease purification，general management and bio-safety protection of pastures，and blocking all pathways of human infection. In short，it was necessary to implement the above mentioned measures，strengthen the monitoring of BLV，so as to guarantee“early detection and early disposal”.
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