冠狀病毒在自然界中普遍存在，可感染多種哺乳動物和鳥類，給畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全和公共衛(wèi)生安全帶來嚴(yán)重威脅。自北京新發(fā)地批發(fā)市場從切割進(jìn)口三文魚案板上檢測到人新型冠狀病毒（SARS-CoV-2）核酸以來，三文魚以及水生動物冠狀病毒與SARS-CoV-2的關(guān)系成為公眾關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文詳細(xì)描述了白鯨、寬吻海豚、三文魚等水生動物感染冠狀病毒后的臨床癥狀，以及病毒基因組結(jié)構(gòu)特征，并對水生動物冠狀病毒與SARS-CoV-2進(jìn)行了遺傳演化分析，結(jié)果顯示目前已知的水生動物冠狀病毒屬于γ冠狀病毒屬和Alphaletovirus屬，而SARS-CoV-2屬于β冠狀病毒屬，二者基因組和主要基因（1ab、S、E、M、N）核苷酸同源性僅為43.7%~54.1%，可初步排除SARS-CoV-2來源于已知水生動物冠狀病毒的可能性。本文通過系統(tǒng)闡述水生動物冠狀病毒感染狀況，旨在進(jìn)一步提高公眾對水生動物冠狀病毒的認(rèn)知，為科學(xué)防控冠狀病毒提供理論依據(jù)。
Research Progress on Coronaviruses in Aquatic Animals
Coronavirus is widely prevalent in nature and may infect a variety of mammals and birds，which poses a serious threat to the safety of animal husbandry and public health. The relationship between coronaviruses in aquatic animals including salmon and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2）has been concerned by the public since the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 was detected on the cutting board for imported salmon in Beijing Xinfadi wholesale market. In this paper，the clinical symptoms of infected aquatic animals such as belugas，bottlenose dolphins and salmon，as well as the structural features of viral genome were described in detail，the genetic evolution of coronaviruses in aquatic animals and SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. The results showed that the known coronaviruses in aquatic animals belonged to Gammacoronavirus and Alphaletovirus，while SARS-CoV-2 fell into Betacoronavirus，and the nucleotide homology of their genomes and major genes（1ab，S，E，M and N）was 43.7% to 54.1%，which could exclude any possibility of SARS-CoV-2 originating from the known coronaviruses. The infection status of coronaviruses in aquatic animals was systematically described in this paper，hoping to further improve public awareness and provide theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of coronavirus.
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