冠狀病毒在自然界中普遍存在，可感染多種哺乳動物和鳥類，給畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全和副豬嗜血桿菌病發(fā)病率和死亡率較高，給養(yǎng)豬業(yè)造成了嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。為及時確診該病，本文從細(xì)菌分離鑒定、血清學(xué)檢測和分子生物學(xué)檢測3個方面，對副豬嗜血桿菌實驗室診斷方法的研究進(jìn)展及其優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行了綜述。細(xì)菌分離鑒定特異性較強(qiáng)，但操作復(fù)雜、用時長、所需儀器多，無法滿足快速檢測需求；酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗（ELISA）、間接血凝試驗（IHA）和補(bǔ)體結(jié)合試驗（CF）3種血清學(xué)檢測方法操作簡便、快速，但特異性和敏感性不高，主要適用于早期診斷和篩查。近年來，分子生物技術(shù)快速發(fā)展，已建立了PCR、熒光定量PCR、數(shù)字PCR和環(huán)介導(dǎo)等溫擴(kuò)增（LAMP）等多種分子生物學(xué)檢測方法。這些分子生物學(xué)檢測方法敏感、快速、特異和穩(wěn)定，其中PCR、熒光定量PCR已廣泛應(yīng)用于實踐中，而數(shù)字PCR和LAMP檢測技術(shù)尚需進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。多種特異性好、靈敏度高、重復(fù)性好、檢測快速的實驗室檢測方法的建立和改進(jìn)，為副豬嗜血桿菌病檢測和流行病學(xué)調(diào)查提供了有效的技術(shù)支撐。
Laboratory Testing Technologies for Haemophilus parasuis
Haemophilus parasuis has brought huge losses to pig industry due to its high morbidity and mortality. In order to confirm the disease timely，the research progress on relevant laboratory testing technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages were summarized from the aspects of isolation and identification of bacteria，serological detection and molecular biological detection. Specifically，the method of isolation and identification of bacteria was with strong specificity，but was complex and time-consuming for operation，which would require for more instruments and fail to meet the needs of rapid detection；the serological methods including enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA），indirect hemagglutination assay（IHA）and complement fixation test（CF）were simple and rapid，mainly appropriate for early diagnosis and screening，but their specificity and sensitivity were relatively low. In recent years，with rapid development of molecular biotechnology，a variety of molecular biological methods including PCR，fluorescence quantitative PCR，digital PCR and loop mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）had been established，which were sensitive，rapid，specific and stable，especially，PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR had been widely used in practice. But digital PCR and LAMP still needed to be further optimized. In conclusion，an effective technical support was provided for detection of the disease and epidemiological investigation through establishing and improving a variety of laboratory testing methods with the advantages of good specificity and repeatability，high sensitivity and rapid detection speed.
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